Drill bit



3 SHEETS-VSHEET I.

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Dec. 19', 1922.

C. B. GIBSON, In

DRILL BIT.

FILED ocT.10.1921.

M. langzaam WM l. III,

C. B. GIBSON, JR.

DRILL BIT Dec. 19, 192? 3 SHEETSY'SHLEI l.

FILED OCT. 10, 1921.

C. 5. @7050/7 Jr.

Dee. 19, C. B. GJBSON, Jn.

DRILL EJ'.

FILED OCT. NH921- 3 SHEETSYSHEET 3.

Glimmen;

Patented Dee. i9, i922.A

CARLETON B. GIBSON, JR.;

OF SAVANNAH, GEORG.

DRILL :BTIv

Application led October 10, 1921. Serial No. oli.

T all whom t may conc-ern;

Be it known that l, CARLETON B. GIBSON, Jr., a citizenof the UnitedStates, and resident of Savannah, in the county of Chatham and State ofGeorgiaphave invented certain new and useful Improvements in Drill Bits,of which the following is a specification.

My present invention relates to improvements in drill bits of the rotarytype such as are used in boring or sinking holes or wells in search ofunderground water, oil, gas or other substances.

This invention aims to provide a drilling tool of extremely simple,economical and -eff fective design which, while retaining all the goodfeatures which have caused the lishtail bit to be generally adopted,Will obviate the great expense and loss of time necessary for renewingthe cutting blades of the drill bit by providing a drill bit which mayreadily be inserted into and removed from the hole and the cuttingblades of which may be quickly and easily removed and renewed withoutwithdrawing the drill stem or well casing, which acts as the drillrotating shaft, from the hole.

A further object is 'to provide an improved drill bit of the type abovedescribed which is of the simplest and most durable construction andwhich niay be economically i manufactured.

A still further object of the invention is to eliminate the use of aspecial drill pipe or stem and save the cost of obtaining and `handlingsuch drill pipe by providing a tool which may be operated bythe wellcasing which is to remain permanently in the hole drilled.

A .still further object of the invention is to eliminate the necessityof procuring, carrying on hand, and installing several different sizesof well casing in any one Well, as is now done, by providing a toolwhich may be operated by the permanent well cas ing, which will permitof this casing following the drill bit down into the hole as it is made,and which will permit of removing I nd renewing the cutting bladeswithout disturbing the well casing or materially lowering the `mud usedto keep gas or water from the surrounding earth from entering the hole."This is of the greatest importance in sinking wells in country wherestrong gas' A still further object ofthe invention is.

t0 obviate the necessity of tool joints such as are now used to connectthe drill bit to the drill stem.

' A still further object of the invention is to provide a collapsibledrill bit which may be lowered through the hollow driving shaft to thepredetermined Working positionand to provide means for there expandingthe cutting blades to the proper cutting position and locking them insuch a manner that S5 they can only be contracted or closed byvoluntarily withdrawing the blade holder in the predetermined manner.

A still further object of the invention is to remove the possibility ofdropping tools or pipe into the hole by providing a tool the use ofwhich minimizes the use of small tools about the mouth of the hole andthe handling of short lengths of pipe into and out of the yhole.

.A still further object of this invention. is to minimize'the causes ofaccidents and increase the safety of operatives by reducing the numberof heavy hoists and consequent strain on the'derrick andfpbviating thene- Se cessity of having an operatjive Working high up in the derrickwhenever a bit is changed.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a tool which, whenthe blades and blade carrying device have been withdrawn, al?? willleave a smooth unobstructed passage i throughout thewell casing frombottom to top of hole.

A still further object of this-invention is i to provide means forcondmitingv water from the top of hole to cutting blades for the removalof. cuttings. l

A still further object is to provide a drill bit which willautomatically clean itself of mud which might clog the mechanism.

With these and other objects in view, the invention includes the `novelfeatures or construction and arrangement and combination of partshereinafter described and par ticularly defined by the appended claims.loo

An embodiment of my invention is illusa trated in the accompanyingdrawings in whichj i Fig. l is a longitudinal elevation, partly insection, of the complete tool, showing polo@ sition of plunger, blades,and locking'bolt when blades are expanded in the working position.

Fig. 2 Vis a similar elevation, partly in section, showing the plungerraised ysuiliciently me to close the blades, the locking bolt withdrawn,and the blades in the closed position ready for withdrawal.

Fig. 3` is a similar elevation, partly in section, at right anA les toFig. l, showing the plunger down ad blades expanded and locked in theworking position.

Figs. 4 and 5 are longitudinal vertical sections of the barrel, taken atright angles to eachfother, showing the casing connection la. helicalguiding ramp 1b, blade stops l, and blade rotating slot lf.

Fig. 6 is a view of the top of the barrel looking down on it from apoint above and on the axis thereof.`

Fig. 7 is a section through the barrel near its lower end taken on line7--7.

Figs. 8 and 9 are elevations, partly in section, of the plunger,V atright angles to each other, showing the lifting and lowering rod 2e, thebladelocking bolt 4, the plunger guides`2f, and the blade actuatingslots or grooves, 2a'. l

Fig. 10 is a section through the upper portion of plunger at guidesalong a plane perpendicular to its axis, and showing the plunger guides2f and the water courses 2X.

Fig.. l1 is a section through-*the lower forked portion of the plungerand perpendicular to its axis, showing the blade actuating grooves 2aand the water `courses 2".

Figs. 12, 12a and l2b are detailgviews of the cutting blade showing alsothe blade actuating keyor land 3, the blade stop 3b, the locking boltnotch 3, and the barrel stop notch, 3f.

Referring to the drawings, wherein similar reference charactersdesignate `corresponding parts throughout, 'the numeral 1 designates thebarrel which is preferably provided with a threaded portion la forattaching it to the lower end of the hollow rotating'shat formed by thedrillstem or well casing, a pair of curved inclined planes or helicalramps 1b for guiding the plunger and blades' into their properpositions, key ways lc for receiving the blade guides -3" and theplunger guides 2f, stops 1d, forl arresting the further descent of theblades 3, and slots lt for holding the expanded blades in position forrotating.

Numeral 2 designates the plunger which is `preferably formed fromasingle cylindrical piece of steel and is provided with proper recessesfor the raising and lowering bar 2e and the blade locking bolt 4.-,plunger guides 2f, water courses 2", and a lower slotted or forkedportion in the inside faces of which are cut the curvedblade actuatinggrooves 2x11 of the proper curvature forexpanding the blades through apredetermined angle when the plunger is moved through a certainpredetermined distance along its axis.

`Numeral 3 designates either one of the two reversible interchangeableblades which are preferably. formed by drop forging from one piece ofsteel andr are provided with a curved key 3 of the same curvature as thecorresponding groove 2a of the plunger, a blade guide 3b. and stop 3g, alocking bolt notch 3C, a barrel slot stop 3f., and a-cutting edge 3X.The numeral designates the blade locking bolt which is preferably formedof one piece with the-hoisting bar 2e and which, with the key ways 2aand the stop le, serves to lock the blades in their expanded positionand to carry the weight of the plunger and blades when lowered into orhoisted out of the hole. The hoisting bar 2e is provided with enlargedcone shaped portions 2d and 2*" whichy respectively engage the hoistingtongs, not shown, while the plunger and blades are being lowered into orWithdrawn from the hole. l

The operation of the tool is as follows?v The barrel, having beenproperly connected to the lower endof the drill stem or wellv casing,whichever may be used for the rotating shaft, is lowered into the holeuntil its lower end rests at a distance of about El inches from thebottom of the hole. The plunger is then suspended in a vertical positionadjacent the mouth of the hole and the two blades are inserted, one fromeither side, the curved' blade keys entering the corresponding actuatingkey ways at 2*. The blades readily drop into the closed position,

the keys 3a following the key ways 2a until the lower end of each keybrings up against the lower end of the corresponding key way at.2c, whenthe plunger and blades are in the relative positions shown in Fig. 2.The plunger, carrying'the blades in this position, is then entered andlowered into the hole, desee ding without interference until vthe bladetops 3g or the lower extremities ioo further rdownward movement oftheblades against the locking bolt notches 3c of the expanded blades.This descending movement ,of the hoisting bar with respect to theplunger causes the jaws of the hoisting tongs, not shown, to be openedby coming in Contact with the conical surface 2i, when the tongs may beWithdraWm-the regular swivel'joint connected, the pumps and rotarystarted up and drilling continued. It will be noted that when the toolis in the working position the blades can not be moved by either upwardor lateral pressure.

In order to remove the plunger and blades for, renewing the blades whentheir cutting edges are dulled or for any other reason, the hole isopened by removing the swivel joint and the hoistingv tongs lowered by asmall cable and attached to the upper cone 2h. Pulling up on this linewill then'rst withdraw the locking bolt4 which will in turn raise theplunger causing it to move upward in relation to the fixed barrel, theupward movement of the curved plunger grooves acting on the curved bladekeys, contracting the blades until they are again lin the position shownin Fig. 2 when the plunger and blades may bev readily withdrawn from thehole. By lowering the-plunger vertically to the round adjacent the mouthof the hole, the lades will be forced upward until their 'upperextremities project from the sides of the plunger at 2b when they may bereadily withdrawn by hand and replaced with two new blades.

Having described invention, what I claim ia:

l. In a boring ordrilling device, a barrel, a plunger cooperatingtherewith having inclined blade guides, blades having ribs or keysslidingly engaging said guides and means carried by the barrel forarresting the descent of the blades.

2. In a device of the character, described, a barrel, a plungercoopeating therewith, having inclined blade guides open at their upperends and closed at their .lower ends, blades removably seated in saidguides, and means carried by the barrel for arresting the descent or"the blades'.

3. In a device of the character described, a barrel, a plunger forcooperating therewith and havin a forked portion, the inner faces otsaid orks having inclinedv blade guides, blades having ribs engagingsaid blade guides, and means carried by the barrel for arresting thedescent of the blades.

4. In a.' device of the character descriliied, a'barrel, a plunger forcooperating therewith having a forked lower portion, provided with bladeguides, a pairot' juxtaposed blades between the arms of said.

forked portionhand having ribs engaging' said guides, and means carriedby the barrel for arresting the descent of the blades.

5. In a device ot the character described, a barrel or casing shoe,having blade engaging recesses, a plunger, telescoping blades carried bysaid plunger. means for positioning the plunger in said barrel to insurealignment ot' the blades with said recesses, and means for projectingthe blades into engagement with said recesses.

6. In a. device of the character described, a barrel or casing shoe. aplunger, having a cylindrical upper portion provided. with a waterpassage, and a divided lower portion, blades slidably carried by saidlower portion, and means whereby movement ot' the plunger in said casingspreads and retracts said blades.

' 7. In a device ot' the character described, a barrel or casing shoe,having longitudinal fi ll grooves closed at their lower ends and ini,'clined guides cooperating with the upper ends, a plunger, andelongated blades slidably carried by said plunger and having projectingportions to cooperate with said grooves. y.

8. In a device ot' the character described, a barrel or casing shoe,having longitudinal grooves closed at their lower ends-and in` clinedguides cooperating with the upper "ends, a plunger having projectionscooperat- "ing with said guides and grooves, and blades slidably carriedby said plunger and having inclined guide connections with said plunger,and having projections cooperating with seid casing grooves.

9. A drilling or boring device, embodying a carrying member providedwith guides, and blades having portions adapted to be slid into saidguides from the upper zend' and held therein byv gravity alone.

In testimony whereof. I atlix my signature.

cantaron e. Giesen, JR..

lice

